| | | | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠤᠤ᠃ | | | | | ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤ᠋ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠳᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠣᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠷᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ | ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠣ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠ ᠮᠦᠷ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡ ᠤᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠳᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠳᠣᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ︵1905 — 1968 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ 1904 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1931 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 23 ᠤ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠤ ᠽᠧ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ | ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠦ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ | ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ 17 | ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠴᠢ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠰᠢᠶᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠢᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠤ ᠽᠧ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠵᠧᠤ ᠧᠨ ᠯᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠨᠣ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠽᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠬᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | （ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ） | | | | | | |