1758 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠡᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠪᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠨᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠡᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠡᠷᠰᠢᠠᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ | ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠮᠵᠢ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1840 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︵ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ︶ ᠳᠤ 82 ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠼᠠᠡᠨᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠴᠠᠩ ︵ᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠤᠬᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠦᠢᠷᠸᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠨᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1776 | ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ 19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠡᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠬᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠪᠦ᠋ᠡᠭ | ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠤᠩᠳᠤᠯ ᠷᠢᠮᠪᠤᠴᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠠᠩ ᠲᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠂ ᠴᠦᠢᠷᠸᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠯᡁᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠯᡁᠡᠷᠡᠮᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭ ︵ᠴᠤᠯᠠ︶ | ᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠯᡁᠠᠷᠡᠮᠪᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠯᠲᠦ | ᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1800 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ 43 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠡᠮᠪᠢᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤ ︵ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ | ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭᠫᠢᠯ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠼᠠᠨᠨᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠴᠠᠩ ᠢ | ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠡᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠯᡁᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠯᡁᠠᠷᠠᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰ | ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠳᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠪᠦᠮ᠂ | ᠯᠠᠪᠷᠤᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠡᠷᠲᠦ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠶᠢᠷᠳᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠢᠮᠠ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠶᠤᠨᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ | ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠡᠨᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ | 1. ᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ︽ᠠᠳᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ︽ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠵᠠᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠦ | ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ︽ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ︽ᠡᠰᠠ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ | ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ︾ ︽ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠤᠨᠲ᠋ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ | ︾ ︽ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠮᠢᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︽ | ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠬᠦᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠡᠵᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ | ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ︾ ︽ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠢᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ | ᠱᠠᠰᠳᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ︽ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠢ | ᠤᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠳᠠᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ︾ ︽ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ | ᠽᠦᠡᠭᠺᠡᠸᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠸᠠᠩᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨᠽᠠ︾ ︽ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ︵1830 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | 73 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ︶ ︽ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︽ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠤᠨᠢᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠸᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠠᠯᠳᠠ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ︾ ︽ᠦᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠢᠨᠦ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ᠃ | 2. ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ | ︽ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ ︽ᠪᠠᠽᠡᠷᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ — ᠸᠴᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠷ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ ︽ᠴᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯ | ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ ︽ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠤᠪ ᠴᠦᠢᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠ ᠽᠦᠡᠭᠺᠡᠸᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ ︽ᠤᠶᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ︾ ︽ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ︾ ︽ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠮᠠ ᠶᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾ | ︽ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ︵ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ︶ ᠵᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ | ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ︾ ︽ᠬᠡᠨᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠨᠦ︾ ︽ | ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮ︾ ︽ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠪᠬᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ᠃ | 3. ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ | ︽ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠯᠦ᠋ᠳᠦᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︽ | ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠷᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ︾ ︽ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ | ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ︾ ︽ᠲᠡᠷᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠨ ᠶᠦᠭᠪᠠᠵᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ | ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ︶ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ︾ | ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠶᠤᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ︾ ︽ᠶᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯ | ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ︶ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠢᠨᠦ︾ ︽ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ︾ ︽ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ︾ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ︾ ︽ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠨᠦ | ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ 36 ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠪᠦᠮ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ | ᠪᠢᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠦ᠄ ︽ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠ︾ ︽ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠤᠨᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩᠲᠦ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡ︾ ︽ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠵᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠴᠢ︾ ︽ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠰᠲᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠢᠰᠲᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠯ︾ ︽ | ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ︾ ︽ᠰᠠᠮᠨᠨᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠦ︾ ︽ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ︾ ︽ᠮᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠡ | ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ︾ ︽ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ | ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ᠃ | ︵︽ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ︾ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠪᠡ︶ | |