| ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ | ᠤᠨ ︵1753 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠨ ︽ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ | ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠ ︵︖ — 1767 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠢ | ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ | ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1752 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠳᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠭᠦ | ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ | ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ︽ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ | ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠷᠭᠦ | ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ 1767 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠴᠦᠰᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ︵1743 — 1810 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1743 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ | ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠠᠱᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠸᠠᠩᠴᠢᠨᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠭᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1795 | ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠷᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤ | ᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1810 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ 43 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ | ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ 18 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠯᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠳᠦᠨᠳᠦᠪᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ︵︖ — 1812 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳᠦᠨᠳᠦᠪᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠸᠠᠩᠵᠢᠯᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ | ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣ ᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1810 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ︵︖ — 1841 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠦᠨᠳᠦᠪᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠣ ᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠯᠳᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1812 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ | ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1841 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ | ᠪᠠᠨ 29 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ︵︖ — 1869 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠡᠷᠮᠠᠩᠨᠠᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1841 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1869 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ | ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠪᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷᠵᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠭᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ︵︖ — 1892 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ︵1873 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 19 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠠᠳ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1892 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠲᠠᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︵1865 — 1925 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1865 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ | ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1892 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠨᠤᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠨ ᠤᠨ | ︵1899 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠳᠡᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1925 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠦᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠡᠷᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢ ︵1858 — 1930 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1858 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠦᠨᠴᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1899 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1930 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ | ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠴᠤᠡᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ 31 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠶᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ︵1883 — 1938 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠤᠩᠰᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ︵1883 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1931 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1937 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ | ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠤᠮᠠᠨᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠦᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1938 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠯᠾᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ︵1900 — 1960 ᠤᠨ︶ | ᠯᠾᠠᠸᠠᠩᠵᠠᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ 1938 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠤᠶᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ | ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠰᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠧᠨᠧᠷᠠᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠺᠤᠮᠠᠨᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠯᠤᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ 1956 ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ 1960 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 20 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠠᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠦᠲᠡᠷ 60 ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | （ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠳ᠋᠊ · ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠦᠦ） | | |